Multiple cases in case-based learning: A qualitative description study.

INTRODUCTION: Case-based learning is widely used in health professions education to improve clinical learning, but little is known about how best to approach multiple cases in this active learning strategy. Our study explored dental student views of multiple case-based learning in oral pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative description informed the study design. Data were collected through semi-structured, individual interviews with twenty-one third- and fourth-year dental students who participated in multiple case-based learning seminars. Data were analysed using inductive, manifest thematic analysis. RESULTS: Themes were identified at approach and case levels. Approach-level themes included preparing students for clinical practice and board exams and maximising exposure (e.g., to lesions/conditions), knowledge application, and engagement within the time allotted for the learning session. Case-level themes included using challenging but manageable cases, linking cases to lecture content, providing the necessary clinical information to solve the cases, and ensuring that cases were authentic and common with non-typical presentations. Aspects of themes encompassed definitions of case characteristics, benefits, conditions of implementation, and recommendations for improvement. CONCLUSION: Cases should be considered individually, collectively, purposefully, and contextually in multiple case-based learning. Evaluations of learning and behavioural outcome are needed to further establish the effectiveness of approaches and case characteristics in multiple case-based learning.

Retention decisions and protocols among orthodontists practicing in Canada: A cross-sectional survey.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to survey retention protocols and retainer characteristics among orthodontists practicing in Canada. METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed to 576 orthodontists registered with the Canadian Association of Orthodontists. It included respondents' demographic details, preferred orthodontic retainers and prescribed wear protocol, adjunctive retention procedures, the timing of retention follow-ups, retainer choice in specific situations, and retainer characteristics. Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests were used to test the associations between variables. RESULTS: An 18% response rate was recorded (n = 101). Vacuum-formed retainers were the most commonly used retainers in the maxilla (50.5%), whereas bonded retainers were preferred in the mandible (54.5%). An initial full-time removable retainer wear period was commonly prescribed (63.0%-67.0%). Retainer checks were carried out by 85.1%-89.1% of orthodontists for 1 or 2 years after the end of active orthodontic treatment. Only 44.6%-56.4% were comfortable with general dentists continuing retainer checks. Most (72.5%-84.1%) retainers were fabricated in the orthodontists' office laboratory. Indefinite retainer wear was commonly suggested and was significantly influenced by the number of years in practice. CONCLUSIONS: Most orthodontists' preferred retainer was the vacuum-formed retainers in the maxilla and the bonded retainers in the mandible. A variety of retention protocols and retainer characteristics was evident among orthodontists that reflect the considerable variation in malocclusion traits we face day-to-day. There seems to be a potential dichotomy between orthodontists being uncomfortable about allowing general dental practitioners to manage retention and orthodontists unwilling to provide retention care indefinitely.

Aerosol generated by dental procedures: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The current pandemic has raised awareness of aerosol dispersion in dental offices. This scoping review was conducted to assess the amount and spread of aerosol generated by dental procedures. METHODS: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR protocol and was conducted by searching multiple databases adopting a core search structure for each database. Detailed eligibility criteria were applied. The authors placed no restrictions on study design, year of publication, and study location. The literature search was updated on September 15, 2021. RESULTS: A total of 51 papers were included in this scoping review. The risk of bias assessment was not conducted as per guidelines. The majority of studies found microorganisms, bloodstains, splatters of aerosol, and particles in the air part of the search strategy. Publication dates ranged from 1969 to 2021. Data came from different dental settings locations. Several factors were identified that have an effect on the amount and spread of the aerosol and spatter. CONCLUSION: Although it is clear that the microbial contamination occurred mainly during aerosol-generating dental procedures, our understanding of the contamination level, spread, and half-life are limited.

Hydrolytic degradation of different infiltrant compositions within different histological zones of enamel caries like-lesions.

This study evaluates the effects of resin infiltrant composition and caries histological zone on the hydrolytic degradation of resininfiltrated artificial bovine enamel caries (RI-AEC). Different resin infiltrants were tested (n=26 per group): Icon (G1); TEGDMA 60%, UDMA 20%, and HEMA 20% (TUH); TEGDMA 80% and HEMA 20% (TH); and TEGDMA 75% and Bis-EMA 25% (TB). Following caries infiltration, samples were cut perpendicularly, and transverse microhardness were analyzed (at two histological zones: surface layer and lesion body) before and after 21 days of water immersion. TB presented lower decrease in microhardness (due to hydrolytic degradation) than the other groups, with a large effect size (Hedge's G from 0.83 to 1.19) and high power (84 to 99%). Neither histological zone nor its interaction with resin infiltrant composition significantly affected the outcome. In conclusion, resin composition affected microhardness of RI-AEC upon water immersion, and TB was the least affected.

Percepção Materna Sobre Saúde Bucal: um Estudo em um Hospital de Referência do Estado da Paraíba / Maternal Perception on Oral Health: a Study in a Reference Hospital in Paraíba State

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa avaliou a percepção das mães em relação aos cuidados com a sua saúde bucal e da criança nos primeiros anos de vida. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos mediante questionários aplicados às mães que frequentaram o serviço de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, no período de outubro de 2012 a março de 2013. Resultados: Das 60 mães com filhos de idade de 0 a 11 anos, 43% não receberam orientações sobre as doenças cárie e inflamação gengival, e não sabem o que pode causá-las ou como preveni-las. Relatam saber cuidar da saúde da sua boca, porém56% delas não obteve orientação quanto aos cuidados bucais da criança,43%não levaram seu filho ao dentista e citamsua ida quando sente dor, 38% das mãesacham a saúde da sua boca regular. As mães relataram escovar os dentes, uso de enxaguatório e fio dental como cuidados da saúde de sua boca e da criança, e 26% delas não souberam formular o que causa a cárie. Conclusão: As mães participantes da pesquisa atendidas na Pediatria do HULW possuem uma percepção de sua saúde bucal razoável (AU)

Objective: This study evaluated the perception of mothers on their oral health care and of their child in the early years of life. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires submitted o mothers who attended the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital Pediatrics Service, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, from October 2012 to March 2013. Results: Of the 60 mothers of children aged 0-11 years, 43% did not receive guidance on caries and gingival inflammation, and did not have information about the disease etiology and preventive measures. The mothers reported knowing how to manage their own oral care, but 56% of them did not receivegui dance on the oral care of their children; 43% had not taken their children to the dentist yet - and reported doing so only when the child referred pain; 38% of the mothers considered their oral health as regular. The mothers reported brushing the teeth, using mouthwash and flossing as health care measures; 26% of them were unable to formulate what causes tooth decay. Conclusion: The survey participants showed a reasonable perception of their oral health. Investments in programs for oral health prevention and promotion in this referral hospital should be established to improve the knowledge and hygiene practices in oral health care. (AU)

Avaliação do grau de conhecimento sobre xerostomia em estudantes de graduação do curso de odontologia / Knowledge of the degree of evaluation about xerostomia in undergraduate students of dentistry

A xerostomia é uma alteração da saliva que causa sensação de ressecamento bucal, devido à produção di¬minuída de saliva. Dentre os fatores etiológicos, estão: a hipofunção das glândulas salivares, a ingestão de medicamentos, tratamento de radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço, stress, alcoolismo, fumo, emoções constantes, síndrome de Sjögren, dentre outras. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de conheci¬mento sobre xerostomia dos alunos do último ano de graduação do curso de Odontologia do Centro Uni¬versitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Caracteriza-se em um estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Foram incluídos alunos de ambos os gêneros, maiores de 18 anos de idade, perten¬centes ao último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia. O universo e amostra foram compostos por 62 alunos sendo 31 do gênero masculino (50%) e 31 do gênero feminino (50%). Observou-se que no questionário 100% dos alunos definiram corretamente a xerostomia. A maioria dos alunos conhecem as características da saliva e da xerostomia (91,4% e 87,9%, respectivamente), e 85,5% souberam indicar o correto tratamento da xerostomia. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que foi satisfatório o grau de conhecimento dos alunos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia sobre xerostomia

Among the etiological factors are: salivary glands hypofuntion, drugs ingestion, radiation treatment in the head and neck, stress, alcoholism, smoking, constant emotions, Sjögren's syndrome, among others. This research aimed to evaluate the degree of knowledge about xerostomia of undergraduate students from the last year of the dentistry course at Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. It is character¬ized in a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Students from both genders were included, older than 18 years old, and belonging to the last year of the dentistry degree course. The universe and the sample was composed of 62 students, 31 male (50%) and 31 females (50%). It was noted that in the questionnaire, 100% of them correctly defined xerostomia. Most students know the characteristics of saliva and dry mouth (91.4% and 87.9%, respectively), and 85.5% could indicate the correct treatment of xerostomia. Given the results, it was concluded that the knowledge level of the last year students in the dentistry degree course about xerostomia was satisfactory

Atividade antifúngica de fitoterápicos sobre candidose oral: uma revisão de literatura / Herbal of antifungal activity on oral candidose: a literature review

A candidíase ou candidose oral é a infecção fúngica oportunista mais comum, sendo a Candida albicans a espécie mais causadora de infecção no ser humano, principalmente em pacientes imunologicamente comprometidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento da literatura sobre a atividade antifúngica dos produtos naturais a base de plantas contra espécies de Candida. Foi realizado um levantamento da literatura através das bases de dados PUBMED e SCIELO, no período de 2000 a 2016. Nove artigos científicos sobre o tema foram encontrados e fizeram parte do estudo. Seis plantas medicinais foram citadas, dentre as quais todas apresentaram atividade antifúngica frente à Candida. Observou-se que as plantas medicinais estudadas apresentaram significativa atividade antifúngica frente a espécies dessa levedura.

The candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection is Candida albicans more species causing infections in humans, particularly for immune compromised patients. This study aimed to carry out a survey of the literature on the antifungal activity of natural products based on plants against Candida species. A survey of the clinical trials literature was performed through the PUBMED and SCIELO databases, from 2000 to 2016. Nine scientific papers on the subject were found and were part of the study. Six medicinal plants were mentioned, among which all showed antifungal activity against Candida. It was observed that the studied medicinal plants showed significant antifungal activity against species of this yeast.